Organic Chemistry

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe acid-base chemistry and its relationship to organic chemistry including how the structure of a molecule affects acidity, and how acidity affects molecular structure.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the substitution and elimination reactions of alcohols, ethers, amines, thiols, and thioethers including the methods commonly used to activate leaving a group, reactions of epoxides, and reactions of quaternary ammonium ions.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to compare and contrast the reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives with the reactions of aldehydes and ketones including their reactions with carbon nucleophiles and hydride ion, and nucleophilic addition and nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the structure, nomenclature, stability, and reactions of alkenes including thermodynamics, kinetics, and catalysis.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the substitution reactions of alkyl halides including the two different mechanisms by which a substitution reaction can take place, the factors that affect these reactions, the competition between these reactions, the role of a solvent in these reactions, intermolecular versus intramolecular reactions, and methylating agents used by chemists versus those used by cells.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain how amines react as bases and nucleophiles with other organic compounds including the reactions of aromatic heterocyclic compounds.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the organic chemistry of amino acids, peptides, and proteins including the physical properties of amino acids, how amino acids are linked to form peptides and proteins, and how proteins are structured and synthesized.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives including their nomenclature, structures, physical properties, and the relative reactivities.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the different ways organic reactions can be catalyzed including how enzymes employ the same methods to catalyze reactions in cells.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the chemistry of nucleosides and nucleotides including nucleic acids.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the chemistry of coenzymes including the enzymes needed to catalyze biological reactions, the chemical roles that coenzymes play, and why vitamins are necessary for many of the organic reactions that occur in cells.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the role delocalized electrons play in organic chemistry including how they are depicted, the structural features that cause a compound to be aromatic or antiaromatic, how delocalized electrons affect chemical properties, how delocalized electrons affect the stability of carbocations, and the products formed from electrophilic addition reactions.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the concepts of general chemistry that are critical to learning organic chemistry including the structure of atoms, the structure of molecules, the different types of bonds, the structure of a compound, and molecular orbital theory.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the elimination reactions of alkyl halides including the factors that determine whether a given alkyl halide will undergo a substitution reaction, an elimination reaction, or both substitution and elimination reactions.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the different types of isomers possible for organic compounds including how to draw and name isomers and enantiomers, how a polarimeter functions, and compounds with more than one asymmetric center.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain how the structures of organic compounds are determined using mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the organic reactions that cells carry out to obtain the energy they need and to synthesize the compounds they require including the biosynthesis of terpenes.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to compare and contrast how NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the carbon-hydrogen framework of an organic compound versus other instrumental techniques such as mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the organic chemistry of carbohydrates including the structures and reactions of monosaccharides, and how monosaccharides are linked to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe organic compounds including the different families of organic compounds, rules for naming compounds, the structures and physical properties, nomenclature for organic compounds, and the compounds that contain carbon.