Constitutional Law

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain constitutional provisions regarding the protection of individual liberties in criminal cases and their application and limitations in criminal proceedings.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the history and evolution of Congress's structure and authority, including the role of Supreme Court cases in expanding these powers.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe constitutional law, including the historical events that shaped the constitution, how the rule of law relates to constitutionalism, judicial review, and judicial opinions.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain preemption and Supreme Court decisions affecting congressional authority to preempt state laws, including issues related to commerce.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe federalism and the division of powers written into the Constitution by its framers.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the evolution of constitutional and statutory sources for equal protection, including key interpretations and their applications related to race, gender, sexual orientation, and other personal characteristics.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the intent and limitations, as interpreted by the courts, of First Amendment clauses relating to free speech, assembly, and press.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the history and evolution of Presidential authority and the role of Supreme Court cases in this evolution, including issues concerning delegation to administrative agencies.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to describe the historical background, textual challenges, and court interpretations of the Establishment and the Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the Court's application to individual privacy of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments' Due Process Clauses, as well as their relevance to economic liberties, when considered with the Article I Contract Clause and the Fifth Amendment's Takings Clause.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the historical purpose for the Bill of Rights, the liberties it protects, and its evolution to include application to states.

This badge demonstrates the earner's ability to explain the structure of the federal courts, the jurisdictions of federal and state courts and factors that influence judicial decision-making, including primary methods for interpreting the Constitution, stare decisis and canons of construction.